How do I solve 23 down in Daily Telegraph Cryptic 31267?

Question

Accepted Answer

23 down reads "Judges' fees" (5 letters); the answer is RATES. It's a double-definition clue: two separate definitions of the same word sit side by side. No wordplay split and no indicators — both halves of the clue define the answer. The full step-by-step breakdown is on this page.

Judges' fees (5)

23D — Judges' fees (5) — RATES